Mesopotamien, beliggende i den frugtbare halvmåne mellem Tigris og Eufrat, blev til store byer og riger takket være landbrugets udvikling. Irregering og overskud af fødevarer skabte specialisering og sociale klasser, som var grundlaget for civilisationens fremkomst. Innovationer som skrift, hjulet og matematik stammer fra denne periode.
Titel på undersøgelse:
Mesopotamia: Agriculture & Innovations.
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Hele abstrakt på originalsprog:
The World History Encyclopedia’s collection “Mesopotamia: Agriculture & Innovations” details how the Neolithic Revolution unfolded in Mesopotamia, where agriculture took root around 10,000 BCE along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Fertile soils nurtured the domestication of wheat, barley, and livestock like goats, transforming nomadic bands into settled villages by 7000 BCE. Innovations followed—irrigation canals tamed floodwaters, plows boosted yields, and the wheel, born here by 3500 BCE, revolutionized transport. Surplus food spurred trade, urbanization, and writing, as seen in Sumerian records, while pottery and metallurgy marked technological strides. This agricultural dawn, detailed through artifacts and ruins, birthed complex societies like Uruk, though it also strained resources and health. Mesopotamia’s pioneering role radiated outward, influencing neighboring regions and cementing a legacy of ingenuity that reshaped human history from scattered tribes to thriving civilizations.